UHPLC-MS profiles and antidiarrheal activity of münchh. and L. employing technique.

L. genus (Oak) belongs to the family Fagaceae and their galls are used commercially in leather tanning, dyeing, and ink preparation. Several species were traditionally used to manage wound healing, acute diarrhea, hemorrhoid, and inflammatory diseases. The present study aims to investigate the phenolic content of the 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of and leaves as well as to assess their anti-diarrheal activity. Polyphenolic content of and AME were investigated using UHPLC/MS. The antidiarrheal potential of the obtained extracts was evaluated by conducting a castor oil-induced diarrhea model. Twenty-five and twenty-six polyphenolic compounds were tentatively identified in and AME, respectively. The identified compounds are related to quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and apigenin glycosides and their aglycones. In addition, hydrolyzable tannins, phenolic acid, phenyl propanoides derivatives, and cucurbitacin F were also identified in both species AME of (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) exhibited a significant prolongation in the onset of diarrhea by 17.7 %, 42.6%, and 79.7% respectively while AME of at the same doses significantly prolonged the onset of diarrhea by 38.6%, 77.3%, and 2.4 folds respectively as compared to the control. Moreover, the percentage of diarrheal inhibition of was 23.8%, 28.57%, and 42,86% respectively, and for 33.34%, 47.3%, and 57.14% respectively as compared to the control group. Both extracts significantly decreased the volume of intestinal fluid by 27%, 39.78%, and 50.1% for respectively; and by 38.71%, 51.19%, and 60% for respectively as compared to the control group. In addition, AME of exhibited a peristaltic index of 53.48, 47.18, and 42.28 with significant inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by 18.98%, 28.53%, and 35.95 % respectively; while AME of exhibited a peristaltic index of 47.71, 37, and 26.41 with significant inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by 27.72%, 43.89%, and 59.99% respectively as compared with the control group. Notably, showed a better antidiarrheal effect in comparison with and, the highest effect was observed for at 1000 mg/kg as it was nonsignificant from the loperamide standard group in all measured parameters.