We present an intuitive and general analytical approximation estimating the energy of covalent single and double bonds between participating atoms in terms of their respective nuclear charges with just three parameters, [ ≈ - + ( + ) ]. The functional form of our expression models an alchemical atomic energy decomposition between participating atoms A and B. After calibration, reasonably accurate bond dissociation energy estimates are obtained for hydrogen-saturated diatomics composed of p-block elements coming from the same row 2 ≤ ≤ 4 in the periodic table. Corresponding changes in bond dissociation energies due to substitution of atom B by C can be obtained via simple formulas. While being of different functional form and origin, our model is as simple and accurate as Pauling's well-known electronegativity model. Analysis indicates that the model's response in covalent bonding to variation in nuclear charge is near-linear, which is consistent with Hammett's equation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c13393 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem A
January 2025
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States.
Loewdin charges from density functional theory calculations were used here to obtain general, univariate linear correlations for the prediction of experimental Hammett parameters and relative reaction rates. While previous studies have established that Hirshfeld and CM5 charges perform strongly as univariate predictors, the near-ubiquitous Loewdin charges have not yet been evaluated. To this end, we assess the predictive capability of Loewdin charges for three chemical systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
November 2024
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
A novel and straightforward method for the iron-catalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of -quinone methides (-QMs) with formamides has been developed, facilitated by the activation of the C(sp)-H bonds of the formyl and alkenyl substituents via a radical strategy. This method does not require the preactivation of the substrates, and it can accommodate a wide range of -QMs and formamides under the optimized reaction conditions, resulting in the formation of the expected C-7 acetamides-functionalized -quinone methides with moderate to good yields. The control experiments revealed that the reaction follows the fundamental equation of second-order kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Org Chem
July 2024
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000.
Rate and product data are reported for the solvolysis reactions of twenty-seven mono, di (3,4) and tri (3,4,5) ring-substituted benzyl chlorides. The first order rate constant for solvolysis in 20% acetonitrile in water decrease from = 2.2 s for 4-methoxybenzyl chloride to 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
June 2024
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
The wide use of boronic compounds, especially boronic acids and benzoxaboroles, in virtually all fields of chemistry is related to their specific properties. The most important of them are the ability to form cyclic esters with diols and the complexation of anions. In both cases, the equilibrium of the reaction depends mainly on the acidity of the compounds, although other factors must also be taken into account.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Psychol
November 2023
Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 550 North 3 Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the association between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and Intimate Partner Aggression (IPA) is necessary for decreasing risk for IPA among lower-SES individuals. As limited control over one's external environment impacts individuals' ability to internally control their emotional states, the present study examined impulsivity and anger as serial mediators in the association from SES to IPA perpetration. Structural equation modeling analyses ( = 430 men, age = 24.
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