Adaptive radiation therapy (art) for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC): A dosimetric evaluation.

Background: Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) refers to redesigning of radiation therapy (RT) treatment plans with respect to dynamic changes in tumor size and location throughout the treatment course. In this study, we performed a comparative volumetric and dosimetric analysis to investigate the impact of ART for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Methods: Twenty-four patients with LS-SCLC receiving ART and concomitant chemotherapy were included in the study. ART was performed by replanning of patients based on a mid-treatment computed tomography (CT)-simulation which was routinely scheduled for all patients 20-25 days after the initial CT-simulation. While the first 15 RT fractions were planned using the initial CT-simulation images, the latter 15 RT fractions were planned using the mid-treatment CT-simulation images acquired 20-25 days after the initial CT-simulation. In order to document the impact of ART, target and critical organ dose-volume parameters acquired from this adaptive radiation treatment planning (RTP) were compared with the RTP based solely on the initial CT-simulation to deliver the whole RT dose of 60 Gy.

Results: Statistically significant reduction was detected in gross tumor volume (GTV) and planning target volume (PTV) during the conventionally fractionated RT course along with statistically significant reduction in critical organ doses with incorporation of ART.

Conclusion: One-third of the patients in our study who were otherwise ineligible for curative intent RT due to violation of critical organ dose constraints could be treated with full dose irradiation by use of ART. Our results suggest significant benefit of ART for patients with LS-SCLC.