This paper demonstrates that while price policy provides a powerful tool for deterring tobacco consumption, the objectives of general economic policy may hamper its effective usage. It is shown that even comprehensive legislative and administrative actions may be ineffective unless they are supported by price measures.
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Impact of land prices on corporate carbon emission intensity.
Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
This study examines the impact of micro-level land prices on corporate carbon emission intensity and identifies the underlying mechanisms. Using a unique dataset of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2000 to 2014, we employ a two-way fixed effects econometric model, alongside instrumental variable and Difference-in-Differences (DID) techniques, to address endogeneity concerns. Our findings reveal that a 1% increase in land prices leads to a 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStarfield's 4Cs of NCD management in primary healthcare: a conceptual framework development from a case study of 19 countries.
BMJ Glob Health
January 2025
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Introduction: Faced with a backdrop of an increasing chronic disease burden from an ageing global population compounded with rising healthcare costs, health systems are required to implement cost-effective, safe and equitable care through efficient service delivery models. One approach to achieving this is through Starfield's 4Cs of primary healthcare (PHC), which delineates the key attributes of a high-performing PHC system that upholds the pillars of care coordination, first contact of care, continuity of care and comprehensive care. Therefore, this study aims to explore and elucidate the key themes and subthemes related to and extending beyond Starfield's 4Cs of PHC by integrating findings from a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRare Disease Policy in High-Income Countries: An Overview of Achievements, Challenges, and Solutions.
Value Health
January 2025
Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders.
Objectives: To provide an overview of policy initiatives in high-income countries aimed at supporting the development and accessibility of treatments for rare diseases.
Methods: We examine how legislative, research, and pricing policies in high-income countries address barriers that have historically hindered innovation and access to rare disease treatments. By analysing examples from the EU, UK, US, Canada, Japan, and Australia, the article identifies ongoing initiatives, outlines current challenges, and explores proposed solutions to foster a sustainable, innovative, and accessible rare disease treatment ecosystem.
The benefit of national clinical guidelines for open lower limb fractures in reducing healthcare burden: A length of inpatient stay cost-analysis.
Injury
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford. Oxford, United Kingdom.
Introduction: Severe open lower limb fractures are complex and costly injuries. Studies reporting the costs associated with these injuries, the economic impact of complications, and the clinical benefit of adherence to national guidelines have been previously reported. However, the economic benefits of national guidelines and their relationship with length of inpatient stay have not been described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Care Resource Use and Costs After Hospitalization With Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.
Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).
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