• The hemodynamic changes of surgery demand close monitoring in patients with LVADs. • During intraoperative TEE, a bubble study may help to diagnose a PFO. • TEE monitoring is optimal for patients with LVADs undergoing noncardiac procedures.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9968873 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.case.2022.09.002 | DOI Listing |
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