Visualizing electroluminescence process in light-emitting electrochemical cells.

Nat Commun

Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.

Published: March 2023

Electroluminescence occurs via recombination reactions between electrons and holes, but these processes have not been directly evaluated. Here, we explore the operation dynamics of ionic liquid-based light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with stable electroluminescence by multi-timescale spectroscopic measurements synchronized with the device operation. Bias-modulation spectroscopy, measuring spectral responses to modulated biases, reveals the bias-dependent behavior of p-doped layers varying from growth to saturation and to recession. The operation dynamics of the LEC is directly visualized by time-resolved bias-modulation spectra, revealing the following findings. Electron injection occurs more slowly than hole injection, causing delay of electroluminescence with respect to the p-doping. N-doping proceeds as the well-grown p-doped layer recedes, which occur while the electroluminescence intensity remains constant. With the growth of n-doped layer, hole injection is reduced due to charge balance, leading to hole-accumulation on the anode, after which LEC operation reaches equilibrium. These spectroscopic techniques are widely applicable to explore the dynamics of electroluminescence-devices.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977921PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36472-6DOI Listing

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