A 75 years old patient presented with a papular easily bleeding lesion of the lower lip that had been growing for two months. He was known for alcoholic cirrhosis complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma treated since one year. A working diagnostic hypothesis of benign vascular lesion was proposed. Microscopic examination showed a neoplastic dermal proliferation that had been fully excised, made of lobules segregated by thin fibrous septae. The neoplastic architecture was trabecular and delineating spaces forming pseudo-rosettes. Tumour cells were monomorphic, cuboidal or cylindric with abundant eosinophilic and granulous cytoplasm and centered by a lone nucleus that often contained a prominent nucleolus. Some spaces were filled with a brownish-greenish pigmented material. Immunohistochemical study showed that tumour cells were positive with the hepatocyte paraffin 1 antibody as well as cytokeratin 8 antibody. Chromogranin A and synaptophysin stainings were negative. Thus we concluded to a lip metastasis from the previously known hepatocellular carcinoma. Skin metastasis arise in around 3% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. They account for less than 1% of all cutaneous metastasis. Overall appearance of cutaneous metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis and an aggravated risk of metastasis to other locations and organs and a median overall survival of less than 5 months. Since incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is rising pathologists might face more frequently in years to come to cutaneous metastasis whose varied clinical presentations make a diagnostic challenge.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpat.2023.01.006 | DOI Listing |
Front Med (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Objective: To investigate the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large number of gray-zone (GZ) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in clinical practice.
Methods: The patients with CHB who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: According to the different levels of HBeAg, ALT and HBV DNA, GZ patients were divided into four categories: (1) Gray zone A (GZ-A): HBeAg positive, normal ALT level, HBV DNA ≤ 10 IU/ml; (2) Gray zone B (GZ-B): HBeAg positive, ALT>ULN, HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 10 IU/ml; (3) Gray zone C (GZ-C): HBeAg negative, normal ALT level, HBV DNA ≥ 2 × 10 IU/ml; and (4) Gray zone D (GZ-D): HBeAg negative, ALT > ULN, serum HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 10 IU/ml.
Theranostics
January 2025
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, particularly due to the limited effectiveness of current therapeutic options for advanced-stage disease. The efficacy of traditional treatments is often compromised by the intricate liver microenvironment and the inherent heterogeneity. RNA-based therapeutics offer a promising alternative, utilizing the innovative approach of targeting aberrant molecular pathways and modulating the tumor microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncol Lett
March 2025
Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China.
The FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) gene is the ortholog of the fat gene and encodes the protocadherin FAT1. FAT1 belongs to the cadherin superfamily, a group of full-length membrane proteins that contain cadherin-like repeats. In various types of human cancer, FAT1 is one of the most commonly mutated genes, and is considered to be an emerging cancer biomarker and a potential target for novel therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Transl Oncol
January 2025
UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) released by tumor cells (tumor-derived sEV; TEX) mediate intercellular communication between tumor and non-malignant cells and were shown to impact disease progression. This study investigates the relationship between the expression levels of the vesiculation-related genes linked to sEV production and the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Methods: Two independent gene sets were analyzed, both previously linked to sEV production in various non-malignant or malignant cells.
Liver Int
February 2025
Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) Association, Bologna, Italy.
Background And Aims: Presence of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may influence the outcome of patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although this issue has never been adequately assessed in a large series of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of active HCV affects the survival of patients treated for HCC.
Methods: This study assessed the outcome of 3123 anti-HCV-positive patients with HCC, subdivided according to the presence of active HCV infection or previous sustained virological response (SVR).
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