[Pharma challenges to adoption of microphysiological system in drug research and development, especially safety assessment].

In the environment surrounding the pharma industries (1) declining productivity in research and development in pharma industries, (2) spreading of 3Rs in animal testing, and (3) diversifying of modalities, the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies in US and EU are paying attention to the microphysiological system (MPS) to actively incorporate cutting-edge technologies into the evaluation assays used for approval applications for drug research and development. MPS generally refers to an in vitro culture system in which a culture environment close to that of a living body (in vivo) is reconstructed in a created minute space using a microfluidic device. Currently, many products have been put into practical use by US and EU companies and are sold all over the world. This time, the trends of MPS as a drug development tool, especially case of safety assessment, issues for implementation to pharma, and future perspectives are described in this article.