Potential involvement of polycystins in the pathogenesis of ameloblastomas: Analysis based on bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry.

Objective: To perform an integrated analysis in identifying novel hub genes that could facilitate the diagnosis and targeted therapy of ameloblastoma.

Design: The expression profiling dataset, GSE38494, was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes were identified through GEO2R online tool and characterised via Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The protein-protein interaction network and hub genes were screened using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Subsequently, an upregulated gene was selected for further validation using the GSE132472 dataset. Further, immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of the selected gene in ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and gingival tissues. The diagnostic and therapeutic utility of the selected hub genes were further verified by receiver operating characteristic analysis and the DGIdb database.

Results: We identified six hub genes in ameloblastoma, among which the upregulated gene PKD2 and its related gene PKD1 were further validated. GO functional annotation revealed that PKD2 is involved in cell-cell junction, extracellular exosome, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and calcium ion transport. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, encoded by the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, respectively, was upregulated in ameloblastoma. PKD1 and PKD2 had a high diagnostic utility for ameloblastoma, and allopurinol interacted with the PKD2 gene.

Conclusion: Our research indicates that polycystins are highly expressed in ameloblastoma and might be involved in the oncogenesis of ameloblastoma, thus offering a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies on ameloblastoma.