Reducing the burden of TB among migrants to low TB incidence countries.

International migrants to low TB incidence countries are disproportionately affected by TB compared to the native population: migrants are at increased risk for TB transmission and TB disease due to a variety of personal, environmental and socio-economic determinants experienced during the four phases of migration (pre-departure, transit, arrival and early settlement, return travel). To provide an up-to-date overview of the determinants that drive the TB burden among migrants, as well as effective and feasible interventions to address this for each migration phase. We conducted a literature review by searching PubMed and the grey literature for articles and reports on determinants and interventions addressing migrant health and TB. Lowering the risk of TB transmission and TB disease among migrants would be most effective by improving the socio-economic position of migrants pre-, during and after migration, ensuring universal health coverage, and providing tailored and migrant-sensitive care and prevention activities. In addition to migrant-sensitive health services and cross-border collaboration between low TB incidence countries, there is a need for international financial and technical support for endemic countries.