A personal perspective is provided regarding the work in several laboratories, including the author's, that has established the reaction mechanism of xanthine oxidase and related enzymes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041921 | DOI Listing |
Elife
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout. However, it remains unclear whether probiotics residing in the host gut, such as , can prevent HUA development. Herein, we isolated SQ001 from the cecum of HUA geese and conducted in vitro assays on uric acid (UA) and nucleoside co-culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPak J Pharm Sci
September 2024
Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
In this work, to attempt discovery of novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, we developed a method for optimizing the Nigella sativa oil extraction by considering the seed size particles, the liquid seed ratio, the duration of the extraction procedure and the temperature of extraction. On the other hand, new pyrimidine and triazolopyrimidine derivatives were prepared in an attempt to mimic the pyrazolpyrimidine structure of allopurinol (a well-known xanthine oxidase inhibitor drug). Most of the developed compounds were shown to have strong xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, while Nigella sative extract and compound 6b ranked as the most effective inhibitors (IC=1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
January 2024
Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
Monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors represent useful multi-target drugs for the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Chimeric molecules, constituted by naturally derived compounds linked to drugs, represent lead compounds to be explored for the discovery of new synthetic drugs acting as enzyme inhibitors. We have previously reported that seven hydroxytyrosol-donepezil hybrid compounds play a protective role in an in vitro neuronal cell model of Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Med Chem
November 2023
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
Xanthine oxidase, a molybdo-flavoenzyme, and an isoform of xanthine dehydrogenase both exist as xanthine oxidoreductase and are responsible for purine catabolism. Xanthine oxidase is more involved in pathological conditions when extensively modulated. Elevation of xanthine oxidase is not only the prime cause of gout but is also responsible for various hyperuricemia associated pathological conditions like diabetes, chronic wounds, cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Currently available xanthine oxidase inhibitors in clinical practice (allopurinol, febuxostat and topiroxostat) suffer from fatal side effects that pose a serious problem to the healthcare system, raising global emergency to develop novel, potent and safer xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Cells
August 2023
Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
A fructose-enriched diet is thought to contribute to hepatic injury in developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the cellular mechanism of fructose-induced hepatic damage remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether fructose induces cell death in primary hepatocytes, and if so, to establish the underlying cellular mechanisms.
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