Isothiazolinone preservatives (methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT) are commonly used in cosmetics, industrial and household products. However, these isothiazolinone derivatives are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Hence, a sensitive, accurate, and reliable method for the detection of these compounds is thus warranted. The study aims to analyze concentrations of MIT and CMIT by high performance liquid chromatography. The analytical method used for quantification of MIT and CMIT in cosmetic products (leave-on-baby wet wipes) complies with the validation acceptance criteria (international standards ISO 5725, EU25 European Union for cosmetic regulations). MIT and CMIT were extracted and analyzed in leave-on baby wet-wipes collected from different stores in Riyadh city. Extraction was performed by ultrasonication of the samples, solid-phase extraction, and liquid-liquid extraction. Ten (10) µL of the sample was injected into the HPLC system and samples were analyzed with a mixture of acetic acid and methanol (80:20 /) in an isocratic mode. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min. UV detection was performed at 274 nm. The results demonstrated recoveries between 90 and 106%, measurement uncertainty of C +/- 0.4% for methylisothiazolinone and C +/- 0.03% for methylchloroisothiazolinone, repeatability limit (r = 0.2%) and intermediate precision limit; R = 2% and R of 0.9996.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961637 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041760 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The effect of biocide chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) mixture on C2C12 muscle cell damage attributed to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction and autophagy activation.
J Toxicol Environ Health A
February 2025
College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea.
The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT/MIT) is a biocide widely used as a preservative in various commercial products. This biocide has also been used as an active ingredient in humidifier disinfectants in South Korea, resulting in serious health effects among users. Recent evidence suggests that the underlying mechanism of CMIT/MIT-initiated toxicity might be associated with defects in mitochondrial functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA systematic review and BMD modeling approach to develop an AOP for humidifier disinfectant-induced pulmonary fibrosis and cell death.
Chemosphere
September 2024
College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on developing an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for humidifier disinfectant (HD) substances in South Korea, utilizing in vitro data to assess their health risks and establish dose-response relationships.
- - Researchers analyzed 193 sets of toxicological data from published studies on HD substances and evaluated the risk of bias, estimating benchmark doses (BMD) for different toxicity endpoints using EPA software.
- - Key findings revealed that certain HD substances, like PHMG-p and CMIT/MIT, induce critical biological effects such as ATP depletion and oxidative stress, potentially leading to severe health issues, thus aiding in more informed risk assessments for these chemicals.
Toxicological evidence integration to confirm the biological plausibility of the association between humidifier disinfectant exposure and respiratory diseases using the AEP-AOP framework.
Epidemiol Health
July 2024
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
Objectives: Exposure to humidifier disinfectants has been linked to respiratory diseases, including interstitial lung disease, asthma, and pneumonia. Consequently, numerous toxicological studies have explored respiratory damage as both a necessary and sufficient condition for these diseases. We systematically reviewed and integrated evidence from toxicological studies by applying the evidence integration method established in previous research to confirm the biological plausibility of the association between exposure and disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNext generation risk assessment of biocides (PHMG-p and CMIT/MIT)-induced pulmonary fibrosis using adverse outcome pathway-based transcriptome analysis.
J Hazard Mater
September 2024
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea. Electronic address:
Next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) has emerged as a promising alternative to non-animal studies owing to the increasing demand for the risk assessment of inhaled toxicants. In this study, NGRA was used to assess the inhalation risks of two biocides commonly used as humidifier disinfectants: polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) and chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT). Human bronchial epithelial cell transcriptomic data were processed based on adverse outcome pathways and used to establish transcriptome-based points of departure (tPODs) for each biocide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolic Changes in Isolated from Contaminated Construction Material Exposed to Varied Biocide Treatments.
Metabolites
June 2024
School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
Biocide resistance poses a significant challenge in industrial processes, with bacteria like exhibiting intrinsic resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents. In this study, the impact of biocide exposure on the metabolome of two strains, namely, P4A, isolated from contaminated coating material, and 1045 reference strain, were investigated. The strains were exposed to 2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MI) MIT, 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), and 5-chloro-2-methyl-isothiazol-3-one (CMIT) at two different sub-inhibitory concentrations and the lipids and polar and semipolar metabolites were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!