Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are a serious threat to human health. With increasing antibiotic resistance in common human pathogens, fewer antibiotics remain effective against infectious diseases. is a pathogenic bacterium of particular concern to human health as it has developed resistance to many of the currently used antibiotics leaving very few remaining as effective treatment. Alternatives to conventional antibiotics are needed for treating resistant bacterial infections. A deeper understanding of the cellular characteristics of resistant bacteria beyond well characterized resistance mechanisms can allow for increased ability to properly treat them and to potentially identify targetable changes. This review looks at antibiotic resistance in in relation to its cellular components, the cell wall, cell membrane and virulence factors. Methicillin resistant bacteria are resistant to most antibiotics and some strains have even developed resistance to the last resort antibiotics vancomycin and daptomycin. Modifications in cell wall peptidoglycan and teichoic acids are noted in antibiotic resistant bacteria. Alterations in cell membrane lipids affect susceptibility to antibiotics through surface charge, permeability, fluidity, and stability of the bacterial membrane. Virulence factors such as adhesins, toxins and immunomodulators serve versatile pathogenic functions in . New antimicrobial strategies can target cell membrane lipids and virulence factors including anti-virulence treatment as an adjuvant to traditional antibiotic therapy.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965861 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020259 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Expression and localization of two β-carbonic anhydrases in , a single-cell C plant.
Front Plant Sci
January 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze reversibly both the hydration and dehydration reactions of CO and HCO-, respectively. Higher plants contain many different isoforms of CAs that can be classified into α-, β- and γ-type subfamilies. β-type CAs play a key role in the CO-concentrating mechanism, thereby contributing to efficient photosynthesis in the C plants in addition to many other biochemical reactions in plant metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of the tail current of Channelrhodopsin-2 variants.
Biochem Biophys Rep
September 2024
Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 400065, Chongqing, PR China.
Our study focused on specific ChR2 variants, particularly those with the Step function Opsins (SFO) mutation at the D156-C128 gate. These are widely used in optogenetics due to their heightened sensitivity to light and bi-stable prolonged activation. However, in some ChR2 variants, specifically D156 mutants, a tail current occurs when continuous light exposure is stopped.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntarmycins: Discovery, Biosynthesis, Anti-pathogenic Bacterial Activity, and Mechanism of Action from Deep-Sea-Derived .
JACS Au
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic microbes has accelerated the search for novel therapeutic agents. Here we report the discovery of antarmycin A (), an antibiotic containing a symmetric 16-membered macrodiolide core with two pendant vancosamine moieties, one of which is glucosylated, from deep-sea-derived SCSIO 07407. The biosynthetic gene cluster of was identified on a giant plasmid featuring transferable elements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-Virus Microscopy of Biochemical Events in Viral Entry.
JACS Au
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Box 800759, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.
Cell entry by enveloped viruses involves a set of multistep, multivalent interactions between viral and host proteins as well as manipulation of nanoscale membrane mechanics by these interacting partners. A mechanistic understanding of these events has been challenging due to the complex nature of the interactions and the event-to-event heterogeneity involved. Single-virus microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique to probe viral binding and fusion kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn extracellular vesicle based hypothesis for the genesis of the polycystic kidney diseases.
Extracell Vesicle
December 2024
The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute at the University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney (ADPKD) disease is the commonest genetic cause of kidney failure (affecting 1:800 individuals) and is due to heterozygous germline mutations in either of two genes, and . Homozygous germline mutations in are responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney (ARPKD) disease a rare (1:20,000) but severe neonatal disease. The products of these three genes, (polycystin-1 (PC1 4302(3)aa)), (polycystin-2 (PC2 968aa)) and (fibrocystin (4074aa)) are all present on extracellular vesicles (EVs) termed, PKD-exosome-like vesicles (PKD-ELVs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!