Two Strains of Differ in Their Transcriptional and Metabolic Patterns and Respond Differently to Thermostress.

Temperature type is one of the key traits determining the cultivation regime of . However, the molecular and metabolic basis underling temperature type remain unclear. Here, we investigated the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolic features of with different temperature types under both control (25 °C) and high (37 °C) temperature conditions. We found that under the control condition, the high- and low-temperature types of harbored distinct transcriptional and metabolic profiles. The high-temperature (H-)-type strain had a higher expression level of genes involved in the toxin processes and carbohydrate binding, while the low-temperature (L-)-type strain had a high expression level of oxidoreductase activity. Heat stress significantly inhibited the growth of both H- and L-type strains, while the latter had a higher growth inhibition rate. Upon exposure to heat, the H-type strain significantly up-regulated genes associated with the components of the cellular membrane, whereas the L-type strain markedly up-regulated genes involved in the extracellular region and carbohydrate binding. Metabolome data showed that thermostress altered purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the H-type strain, whereas it altered cysteine, methionine, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the L-type strain. Transcriptome and metabolome integrative analysis was able to identify three independent thermotolerance-related gene-metabolite regulatory networks. Our results deepen the current understanding of the molecular and metabolic basis underlying temperature type and suggest, for the first time, that thermotolerance mechanisms can be temperature-type-dependent for .