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Development of a Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for Older Adults in Japan. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Older adults often experience reduced enjoyment in life, social interactions, and independent living, which can lead to lower self-efficacy in daily activities and a decline in quality of life (QOL).
  • This study aimed to create a daily living self-efficacy scale for the elderly to assess interventions designed to improve self-efficacy.
  • The resulting scale, confirmed to have high internal consistency and concept validity, identified five key factors influencing self-efficacy among seniors, including peace of mind and maintaining social roles.

Article Abstract

Objectives: Older adults tend to experience decreased enjoyment and fulfillment in life, social interactions, and independent living, with aging. These situations often result in lower levels of daily living self-efficacy in activities, which is one of the factors resulting in a decline in the quality of life (QOL) among older individuals. For this reason, interventions that help maintain daily living self-efficacy among older adults may also help maintain a good QOL. The objective of this study was to develop a daily living self-efficacy scale for the elderly that can be used to evaluate the effects of interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy.

Methods: An expert meeting involving specialists in dementia treatment and care was held, to prepare a draft for a daily living self-efficacy scale. In the meeting, previous studies on self-efficacy among older adults, which were collected in advance, were reviewed, and the experiences of the specialists were discussed. Based on the reviews and discussions, a draft of a daily living self-efficacy scale comprising 35 items was prepared. This study on daily living self-efficacy was conducted from January 2021 to October 2021. The internal consistency and concept validity of the scale were evaluated based on the assessment data.

Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the 109 participants was 84.2 ± 7.3 years. The following five factors were extracted based on factor analysis: Factor 1, "Having peace of mind"; Factor 2, "Maintaining healthy routines and social roles"; Factor 3, "Taking personal care of oneself"; Factor 4, "Rising to the challenge"; and Factor 5, "Valuing enjoyment and relationships with others". The Cronbach's alpha coefficient exceeded 0.7, thereby suggesting sufficiently high internal consistency. Covariance structure analysis confirmed sufficiently high concept validity.

Conclusions: The scale developed in this study was confirmed to be sufficiently reliable and valid, and when used during dementia treatment and care to assess the levels of daily living self-efficacy among older adults, it is expected to contribute to the improvement of QOL among older adults.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961564PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043292DOI Listing

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