Statistical Topology emerged as topological aspects continue to gain importance in many areas of physics. It is most desirable to study topological invariants and their statistics in schematic models that facilitate the identification of universalities. Here, the statistics of winding numbers and of winding number densities are addressed. An introduction is given for readers with little background knowledge. Results that my collaborators and I obtained in two recent works on proper random matrix models for the chiral unitary and symplectic cases are reviewed, avoiding a technically detailed discussion. There is a special focus on the mapping of topological problems to spectral ones as well as on the first glimpse of universality.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020383 | DOI Listing |
Chaos
January 2025
Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
An Ott-Antonsen reduced M-population of Kuramoto-Sakaguchi oscillators is investigated, focusing on the influence of the phase-lag parameter α on the collective dynamics. For oscillator populations coupled on a ring, we obtained a wide variety of spatiotemporal patterns, including coherent states, traveling waves, partially synchronized states, modulated states, and incoherent states. Back-and-forth transitions between these states are found, which suggest metastability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Sci
January 2025
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Coiled coils are a common protein structural motif involved in cellular functions ranging from mediating protein-protein interactions to facilitating processes such as signal transduction or regulation of gene expression. They are formed by two or more alpha helices that wind around a central axis to form a buried hydrophobic core. Various forms of coiled-coil bundles have been reported, each characterized by the number, orientation, and degree of winding of the constituent helices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
December 2024
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Câmpus de Diadema, R. São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil.
We report the peculiar organization of oscillations in the forced Brusselator system, found in the parameter space as a nested structure of regular and chaotic phases. To this end, we apply the winding number concept, conceived for nonlinear driven oscillators, to expose all oscillatory phases in the nested structure. First, we use the period and torsion of orbits to describe every periodic oscillation in the parameter spaces, describing the nested structure in high-resolution phase diagrams.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
December 2024
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
Soft Matter
December 2024
Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
We develop an approximate, analytical model for the velocity of defects in active nematics by combining recent results for the velocity of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals with the flow field generated from individual defects in active nematics. Importantly, our model takes into account the long-range interactions between defects that result from the flows they produce as well as the orientational coupling between defects inherent in nematics. Our work complements previous studies of active nematic defect motion by introducing a linear approximation that allows us to treat defect interactions as two-body interactions and incorporates the hydrodynamic screening length as a tuning parameter.
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