AI Article Synopsis
- Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a common autoimmune condition in children that can lead to serious neurological issues, but early treatment significantly improves recovery chances.
- A study involving 11 pediatric patients revealed that common initial symptoms included seizures and behavioral changes, with a majority showing normal brain MRIs but abnormal EEGs.
- After treatment, most patients demonstrated favorable long-term outcomes, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention.
Article Abstract
Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Method: We conducted a retrospective study with definite diagnoses of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in 11 children treated in a tertiary referral center between March 2012 and March 2022. Clinical features, ancillary tests, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed.
Results: The median age at disease onset was 7.9 years. There were eight females (72.7%) and three males (27.3%). Three (27.3%) patients initially presented with focal and/or generalized seizures and eight (72.7%) with behavioral change. Seven patients (63.6%) revealed normal brain MRI scans. Seven (63.6%) had abnormal EEG results. Ten patients (90.1%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and/or plasmapheresis. After a median follow-up duration of 3.5 years, one patient was lost to follow-up at the acute stage, nine (90%) had an mRS ≤ 2, and only one had an mRS of 3.
Conclusions: With the early recognition of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis based on its clinical features and ancillary tests, we were able to treat patients promptly with first-line treatment and achieve favorable neurological outcomes.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954979 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020182 | DOI Listing |
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