Microvilli are actin bundle-supported surface protrusions assembled by diverse cell types to mediate biochemical and physical interactions with the external environment. Found on the surface of some of the earliest animal cells, primordial microvilli likely contributed to bacterial entrapment and feeding. Although millions of years of evolution have repurposed these protrusions to fulfill diverse roles such as detection of mechanical or visual stimuli in inner ear hair cells or retinal pigmented epithelial cells, respectively, solute uptake remains a key essential function linked to these structures. In this mini review, we offer a brief overview of the composition and structure of epithelial microvilli, highlight recent discoveries on the growth of these protrusions early in differentiation, and point to fundamental questions surrounding microvilli biogenesis that remain open for future studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102153 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China.
Interventional catheters have been widely applied in diagnostics, therapeutics, and other biomedical areas. The complications caused by catheter-related bacterial infection, venous thrombosis, and vascular abrasion have become the main reasons for the failure of interventional therapy. In this study, polyacrylamide/poly(acrylic acid) lubricating copolymer brushes were constructed on the surface of catheters and efficiently resisted the adhesion of blood components and bacteria through hydration and electrostatic repulsion effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
December 2024
Institute of new structural materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) into photonic materials has garnered increasing interest due to the versatility and ease of fabrication offered by the synthesized building blocks. BCPs are highly tunable, with their self-assembled structures' size being adjustable by modifying the block lengths, molecular weight(M), and polymer composition. This review provides a concise summary of the use of BCPs as photonic pigments, which generate color through structural manipulation rather than relying on chemical pigmentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
December 2024
Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
Background: Black/African Americans experience a disproportionate cancer burden and mortality rates. Racial/ethnic variation in cancer burden reflects systemic and healthcare inequities, cancer risk factors, and heredity and genomic diversity. Multiple systemic, socio-cultural, economic, and individual factors also contribute to disproportionately low Black/African American participation in cancer clinical trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
November 2024
Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China.
Zwitterionic polymer brushes are not a practical choice since their ionic response mechanisms are unclear, despite their great potential for surface antifouling modification. Therefore, atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations investigated the ionic response of the surface electrical properties, hydration properties, and protein adhesion of three types of zwitterionic brushes. The surface of PMPC (poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)) and PSBMA (poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)) zwitterionic polymer brushes in salt solution exhibits a significant accumulation of cations, which results in a positive shift in the surface potential.
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