Objective: To compare the effectiveness of prophylactic carbetocin with prophylactic oxytocin for preventing severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) following vaginal delivery.
Methods: This before and after cohort study took place between 2020 and 2021 in a university maternity hospital. In 2021, the protocol for PPH prevention immediately after vaginal delivery changed: intravenous oxytocin (5 IU) was replaced by intravenous carbetocin (100 μg). All patients with vaginal births were included, with two groups compared: patients who received prophylactic oxytocin in 2020 and those who received prophylactic carbetocin in 2021. The primary outcome was severe PPH, defined as one or more of the following: estimated blood loss ≥1500 mL, transfusion ≥4 units of red blood cells, Bakri balloon use, embolization, vascular ligation, hysterectomy, and maternal death.
Results: Among 4832 women included, 2417 received oxytocin and 2415 received carbetocin. The rate of severe PPH was similar in both groups (0.5% vs. 0.6%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.8 [95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.8]). The rate of PPH ≥500 mL was lower in the carbetocin group (4% vs. 5.8%; P = 0.004).
Conclusion: Although prophylactic carbetocin was associated with a reduction in the rate of PPH ≥500 mL, carbetocin is no different to oxytocin in preventing severe PPH caused by atony after vaginal delivery.
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