Multivariate models of commodity futures markets: a dynamic copula approach.

We apply flexible multivariate dynamic models to capture the dependence structure of various US commodity futures across different sectors between 2004 and 2022; particular attention is paid to the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our copula-based models allow for time-varying nonlinear and asymmetric dependence by integrating elliptical and skewed copulas with dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and block dynamic equicorrelation (Block DECO). Flexible copula models that allow for multivariate asymmetry and tail dependence are found to provide the best performance in characterizing co-movements of commodity returns. We also find that the connectedness between commodities has dramatically increased during the financial distress and the COVID-19 pandemic. The impacts of the financial crisis appear to be more persistent than those of the pandemic. We apply our models to some risk management tasks in the commodity markets. Our results suggest that optimal portfolio weights based on dynamic copulas have persistently outperformed the equal-weighted portfolio, demonstrating the practicality and usefulness of our proposed models.