Preliminary study on CT contrast-enhanced radiomics for predicting central cervical lymph node status in patients with thyroid nodules.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using a contrast-enhanced CT image-based radiomics model to predict central cervical lymph node status in patients with thyroid nodules.

Methods: Pretreatment clinical and CT imaging data from 271 patients with surgically diagnosed and treated thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological features of the thyroid nodules and central lymph nodes, the patients were divided into three groups: group 1: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastatic lymph node group; group 2: PTC nonmetastatic lymph node group; and group 3: benign thyroid nodule reactive lymph node group. Radiomics models were constructed to compare the three groups by pairwise classification (model 1: group 1 vs group 3; model 2: group 1 vs group 2; model 3: group 2 vs group 3; and model 4: group 1 vs groups (2 + 3)). The feature parameters with good generalizability and clinical risk factors were screened. A nomogram was constructed by combining the radiomics features and clinical risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to assess the diagnostic and clinical value of the nomogram.

Results: For radiomics models 1, 2, and 3, the areas under the curve (AUCs) in the training group were 0.97, 0.96, and 0.93, respectively. The following independent clinical risk factors were identified: model 1, arterial phase CT values; model 2, sex and arterial phase CT values; model 3: none. The AUCs for the nomograms of models 1 and 2 in the training group were 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, and those in the test group were 0.95 and 0.87, respectively. The AUCs of the model 4 nomogram in the training and test groups were 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. Calibration curve analysis and DCA revealed the high clinical value of the nomograms of models 1, 2 and 4.

Conclusion: The nomograms based on contrast-enhanced CT images had good predictive efficacy in classifying benign and malignant central cervical lymph nodes of thyroid nodule patients.