Purpose: The relaxation of pandemic restrictions in 2022 has led to a reemergence of respiratory virus circulation worldwide and anticipation of substantial influenza waves for the 2022/2023 Northern Hemisphere winter. Therefore, the antiviral susceptibility profiles of human influenza viruses circulating in Germany were characterized.
Methods: Between October 2019 (week 40/2019) and March 2022 (week 12/2022), nasal swabs from untreated patients with acute respiratory symptoms were collected in the national German influenza surveillance system. A total of 598 influenza viruses were isolated and analyzed for susceptibility to oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir, using a neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay. In addition, next-generation sequencing was applied to assess molecular markers of resistance to NA, cap-dependent endonuclease (PA) and M2 ion channel inhibitors (NAI, PAI, M2I) in 367 primary clinical samples. Furthermore, a genotyping assay based on RT-PCR and pyrosequencing to rapidly assess the molecular resistance marker PA-I38X in PA genes was designed and established.
Results: While NAI resistance in the strict sense, defined by a ≥ 10-fold (influenza A) or ≥5-fold (influenza B) increase of NAI IC, was not detected, a subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 isolate displayed 2.3- to 7.5-fold IC increase for all three NAI. This isolate carried the NA-S247N substitution, which is known to enhance NAI resistance induced by NA-H275Y. All sequenced influenza A viruses carried the M2-S31N substitution, which confers resistance to M2I. Of note, one A(H3N2) virus displayed the PA-I38M substitution, which is associated with reduced susceptibility to the PAI baloxavir marboxil. Pyrosequencing analysis confirmed these findings in the original clinical specimen and in cultured virus isolate, suggesting sufficient replicative fitness of this virus mutant.
Conclusion: Over the last three influenza seasons, the vast majority of influenza viruses in this national-level sentinel were susceptible to NAIs and PAIs. These findings support the use of antivirals in the upcoming influenza season.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9939793 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S389263 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
Emerging infectious diseases are of major concern to animal and human health. Recent emergence of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (H5N1 clade 2.3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Influenza remains a persistent global health challenge, largely due to the virus' continuous antigenic drift and occasional shift, which impede the development of a universal vaccine. To address this, the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies and their epitopes is crucial. Nanobodies, with their unique characteristics and binding capacity, offer a promising avenue to identify such epitopes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
January 2025
Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India. Electronic address:
Detection of viruses, including coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), via facile, fast, and optical methods is highly important to control pandemics. In this regard, optically-active nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) are a wise choice due to their long-term stability, ease of functionalization, and modifications. In this work, a nanocomposite based on NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) and ZIF-67 metal-organic framework (MOF) was designed and synthesized, and decorated on the surface of the melt-blown mask.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi
January 2025
The influenza virus is classified as a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus in Orthomyxoviridae family, with epidemiological properties distinct from common cold. Previous studies have found that influenza infection can cause cardiac damage through various pathways, and patients with cardiovascular diseases are at relatively higher risk of adverse disease outcomes. Influenza vaccination has been proven to provide protective effect on patients with cardiovascular diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Environ Virol
January 2025
Laboratorio de Ecología Viral y Virus Zoonóticos, Unidad Académica de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Human respiratory and enteric viruses are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology utilizing next-generation sequencing serves as an effective tool for monitoring viral circulation dynamics at the community level. However, these complex environmental samples are often laden with other microorganisms and host genomic material, which can hinder the sensitivity of viral detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!