German skilled readers have been found to engage in morphological and syllable-based processing in visual word recognition. However, the relative reliance on syllables and morphemes in reading multi-syllabic complex words is still unresolved. This study aimed to unveil which of these sublexical units are the preferred units of reading by employing eye-tracking technology. Participants silently read sentences while their eye-movements were recorded. Words were visually marked using colour alternation (Experiment 1) or hyphenation (Experiment 2)-at syllable boundary (e.g., ), at morpheme boundary (e.g., ), or within the units themselves (e.g., ). A control condition without disruptions was used as a baseline (e.g., ). The results of Experiment 1 showed that eye-movements were not modulated by colour alternations. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that hyphens disrupting syllables had a larger inhibitory effect on reading times than hyphens disrupting morphemes, suggesting that eye-movements in German skilled readers are more influenced by syllabic than morphological structure.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218231160638 | DOI Listing |
Cortex
December 2024
Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, United States; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, United States.
Script training is a speech-language intervention designed to promote fluent connected speech via repeated rehearsal of functional content. This type of treatment has proven beneficial for individuals with aphasia and apraxia of speech caused by stroke and, more recently, for individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). In the largest study to-date evaluating the efficacy of script training in individuals with nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA; Henry et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
November 2024
New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States.
To comprehend speech, human brains identify meaningful units in the speech stream. But whereas the English '' has 3 word-units, the Arabic equivalent '' is a single word-unit with 3 meaningful sub-word units, called morphemes: a verb stem (''), a subject suffix ('--'), and a direct object pronoun ('-'). It remains unclear whether and how the brain processes morphemes, above and beyond other language units, during speech comprehension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLang Speech
July 2024
Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, Indiana University Bloomington, USA.
Mandarin tone 3 sandhi refers to the phenomenon whereby a tone 3 syllable changes to a tone 2 when followed by another tone 3. This phonological process creates a deviation between the tonal forms realized at morphemic (/tone3-tone3/) and word ([tone2-tone3]) levels, posing questions in terms of how disyllabic tone 3 sandhi words are represented and accessed. The current study conducted three cross-modal lexical decision priming experiments to investigate this issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Speech Lang Hear Res
June 2024
Department of Language and Communication Science, City, University of London, United Kingdom.
Purpose: Nonword repetition (NWR) has been described as a clinical marker of developmental language disorder (DLD), as NWR tasks consistently discriminate between DLD and typical development (TD) cross-linguistically, with Cantonese as the only reported exception. This study reexamines whether NWR is able to generate TD/DLD group differences in Cantonese-speaking children by reporting on a novel set of NWR stimuli that take into account factors known to affect NWR performance and group differentiation, including lexicality, sublexicality, length, and syllable complexity.
Method: Sixteen Cantonese-speaking children with DLD and 16 age-matched children with TD repeated two sets of high-lexicality nonwords, where all constituent syllables are morphemic in Cantonese but meaningless when combined, and one set of low-lexicality nonwords, where all constituent syllables are nonmorphemic.
J Speech Lang Hear Res
March 2024
Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Purpose: We examined the properties of mean length of utterance (MLU) in Czech, a morphologically complex Slavic language. We compared the scores of MLU calculated in different units and based on different sample lengths and assessed its validity against another transcript and test-based measures.
Method: One hundred nine children were recorded during free-play at 2;6 and 3;11 (years;months).
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