The aim of this scoping review was to identify clinical guidance for maintaining oral hygiene in patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2000 and May 2020. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, case series, and expert consensus reports were considered eligible for inclusion. The SIGN Guideline system was used to evaluate the level evidence and the grade of recommendations. A total of 53 studies met the eligibility criteria. The results showed the presence of recommendation for oral care in three domains: management of oral mucositis, prevention and control of radiation caries, and management of xerostomia. However, most of the included studies had low levels of evidence. The review provides recommendations for healthcare professionals caring for patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both, but a standard oral care protocol could not be established owing to a paucity of evidence-based data.
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