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Characterization of Arnebia euchroma PGT homologs involved in the biosynthesis of shikonin. | LitMetric

Characterization of Arnebia euchroma PGT homologs involved in the biosynthesis of shikonin.

Plant Physiol Biochem

State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. Electronic address:

Published: March 2023

AI Article Synopsis

  • Shikonin is a valuable red pigment from plants, primarily produced through the action of an enzyme called para-hydroxybenzoic acid geranyltransferase (PGT), which plays a crucial role in its biosynthesis.
  • Researchers focused on the PGTs from the medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma, which produces more shikonin than the well-studied Lithospermum erythrorhizon.
  • They discovered that different isoforms of the enzyme, particularly AePGT6, had variations in activity; manipulating these isoforms enhanced enzyme performance, leading to a record production of a shikonin precursor, 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate acid.

Article Abstract

Shikonin is a red naphthoquinone natural product from plants with high economical and medical values. The para-hydroxybenzoic acid geranyltransferase (PGT) catalyzes the key regulatory step of shikonin biosynthesis. PGTs from Lithospermum erythrorhizon have been well-characterized and used in industrial shikonin production. However, its perennial medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma accumulates much more pigment and the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here, we discovered and characterized the different isoforms of AePGTs. Phylogenetic study and structure modeling suggested that the N-terminal of AePGT6 contributed to its highest activity among 7 AePGTs. Indeed, AePGT2 and AePGT3 fused with 60 amino acids from the N-terminal of AePGT6 showed even higher activity than AePGT6, while native AePGT2 and AePGT3 don't have catalytic activity. Our result not only provided a mechanistic explanation of high shikonin contents in Arnebia euchroma but also engineered a best-performing PGT to achieve the highest-to-date production of 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate acid, an intermedium of shikonin.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.012DOI Listing

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