AI Article Synopsis
- Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) poses significant health risks in Brazil's Amazon, leading to low birth weight and higher rates of miscarriage, which necessitates targeted public health strategies.
- A 15-year national study was conducted using advanced statistical methods to analyze and map MiP cases, revealing a significant decline in incidence and identifying high-risk areas, particularly among younger pregnant women.
- Despite a decrease in overall MiP cases, the findings underscore the need for continued focus on this issue, pointing to the necessity of enhanced interventions to support the health of vulnerable pregnant populations in the region.
Article Abstract
Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a public health problem in the Brazilian Amazon region that requires special attention due to associated serious adverse consequences, such as low birth weight, increased prematurity and spontaneous abortion rates. In Brazil, there have been no comprehensive epidemiological studies of MiP. In this study, we aimed to explore the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of MiP in Brazil and epidemiologically characterize this population of pregnant women over a period of 15 years.
Methods: We performed a national-scale ecological analysis using a Bayesian space-time hierarchical model to estimate the incidence rates of MiP between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018. We mapped the high-incidence clusters among pregnant women aged 10-49 years old using a Poisson model, and we characterized the population based on data from the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System for Malaria (SIVEP-Malaria).
Findings: We consolidated the data of 61,833 women with MiP in Brazil. Our results showed a reduction of 50·1% (95% CI: 47·3 to 52·9) in the number of malaria cases over the period analysed, with malaria having the highest incidence. MiP was widely distributed throughout the Amazon region, and spatial and spatiotemporal analyses revealed statistically significant clusters in some municipalities of Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia and Pará. In addition, we observed that younger pregnant women had a higher risk of infection, and the administration of appropriate treatment requires more attention.
Interpretation: This nationwide study provides robust evidence that, despite the reduction in the number of MiP cases in the country, it remains a serious public health problem, especially for young pregnant women. Our analyses highlight focus areas for strengthening interventions to control and eliminate MiP.
Funding: FAPESP and CNPq - Brazil.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903888 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100285 | DOI Listing |
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