Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is an important crop worldwide. Tontonaka, Aroma and Benihoppe, are most popular cultivars in Taiwan, especially cv. Aroma is dominated in the market. In September 2021, the target spot outbreak occurred on the leaves of cv. Aroma and Benihoppe in Nantou County. In a greenhouse, the target spot incidents were estimated at 90-100% and 40-50% in Aroma and Benihoppe, respectively, and caused 2~5% plants lost. Between April and June of 2022, the target spot occurred in another greenhouse where the target spot incidents were 90% and 5-8% in Aroma and Benihoppe, respectively. Early symptoms were small and circular to irregular brown spot on the leaves with its diameter at 1-2 mm. Then the brown lesion expanded to 2-5 mm in diameter with pale green halo. Some lesions appeared with gray center, and 2-3 spots might merge into one lesion, and some lesions were surrounded with yellow tissues later. The round to oval brown spots were also observed on stems. Ten symptomatic leaves and stems each were collected for pathogen isolation. Pieces of tissue from the edge of the brown lesion on leaf were cut and disinfested with 0.6% NaOCl for 30 sec, and rinsed three times with sterile distilled water (SDW) followed by being placed on 2% water agar. The isolates obtained from symptomatic leaves/stems of Aroma and Benihoppe showed same colonies with 100% isolation rate. Isolates from cv. Benihoppe (Cos21-1) and Aroma (Cos21-2) were selected for further observation and tests. Colonies on potato dextrose agar exhibited gray aerial mycelium at 28 °C in dark after 7-day. Conidiophores were brown, single or in clustered, unbranched, 2 to 11 septa. Conidia were 5.6-6.7× 28.1-270.0 μm (n=50) in size with obclavate to cylindrical shape, 1 to 16 septa, and olivaceous to dark brown. Based on the morphology, two fungal isolates were identified as Corynespora cassiicola. Four regions, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin, translation elongation factor (TEF), and actin, were used to confirm the two isolates. Sequences of ITS and β-tululin shared 100% identity to ITS (MZ093622) and β-tululin (MW961419) of C. cassiicola in GenBank. Sequences of TEF and actin shared 99.60% and 99.70% identity to C. cassiicola (MK882240 and FJ853005), respectively. For the pathogenicity test, the conidial suspension (1x105 spores/ ml) of Cos21-1 and Cos21-2 was sprayed on leaves of two-month-old strawberry cv. Benihoppe and Aroma without wounds, respectively. Three plants each with more than two leaves were spray-inoculated with the selected isolates whereas three plants with SDW as controls and the test was repeated once. Inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags in the greenhouse, then removed when the initial symptoms were observed on leaves 5 days after inoculation whereas symptoms on stems were observed within 7 days. Re-isolation of the pathogens from the symptomatic leaves/stems demonstrated that the pathogen was C. cassiicola. The leaf spot or target spot caused by C. cassiicola on strawberry has been reported in Mainland China and North America. To our knowledge, this is the first report of target spot disease of strawberry caused by C. cassiicola in Taiwan.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2048-PDN | DOI Listing |
Indian Dermatol Online J
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Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, DISM, Institute of Dermatology Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India.
As the global population continues to grow, the use of pesticides to increase food production is projected to escalate. Pesticides are critical in plant protection, offering a powerful defense against fungal diseases such as apple scab, leaf spot, sclerotinia rot, damping off, sheath blight, and root rot, which threaten crops like cereals, corn, cotton, soybean, sugarcane, tuberous vegetables, and ornamentals. Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides represent a novel class essential for controlling fungal pathogens and bolstering food security.
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Center for Molecular Imaging and Experimental Radiotherapy, Universite Catholique de Louvain, av Hippocrate 55 B1.54.07, Brussels, 1200, BELGIUM.
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January 2025
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 2199 Lishui Rd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
Background And Aims: Lackluster results from recently completed gene therapy clinical trials of VEGF-A delivered by viral vectors have heightened the need to develop alternative delivery strategies. This study aims to demonstrate the pre-clinical efficacy and safety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with VEGF-A mRNA for the treatment of ischaemic vascular disease.
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Fungal Syst Evol
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CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. Chin.
The application of DNA data on a worldwide sampling has revolutionized the infrageneric classification of the highly diverse ectomycorrhizal genus . Based on collections made in New Zealand, East Asia and North America, this study describes a new subgenus , the ninth subgenus of . Even though BLASTn of the ITS sequences suggested affinities with species of subgenera and the phylogenetic analysis based on a five-locus DNA dataset placed the target samples in an independent major clade that is taxonomically equivalent to subgenus.
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