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Neurocysticercosis: unwinding the radiological conundrum.
Pol J Radiol
November 2024
St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.
Purpose: To study the distinct imaging characteristics of parenchymal neurocysticercosis (NCC) that aid in distinguishing it from other diseases.
Material And Methods: Two hundred fifty patients with NCC were selected based on identification of the scolex. T2 weighted, T1 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2 FLAIR, susceptibility weighted imaging, constructive interference in steady state, diffusion weighted imaging, and T1 weighted contrast sequences were performed.
Life-threatening dapagliflozin-associated euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a postoperative patient.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Euglyceamic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) is an uncommon but serious diabetes mellitus complication associated with risk factors such as fasting, surgery, pregnancy and, more recently, the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). This case is of a woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in her 50s who underwent an incarcerated umbilical hernia repair and abdominoplasty. Two days after discharge, she was readmitted with nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, low-grade fever and breathing difficulty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe complexities in the differential diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (Willis-ekbom disease).
Expert Rev Neurother
January 2025
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience department, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Introduction: We present a literature review on the clinical conundrums surrounding the differential diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (RLS, Willis Ekbom disease), as well as conditions that can mimic RLS. An extensive literature search showed that secondary causes of RLS ranged from commonly recognized causes, such as iron deficiency anemia, to less widely noted causes, such as rheumatoid disorders and hypothyroidism. There is a controversial association with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and RLS, whereby RLS is proposed as a prodromal feature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeparating Infectious Proctitis from Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Common Clinical Conundrum.
Microorganisms
November 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, St George's University Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK.
Proctitis refers to inflammation in the rectum and may result in rectal bleeding, discharge, urgency, tenesmus, and lower abdominal pain. It is a common presentation, particularly in genitourinary medicine and gastroenterology, as the two most common causes are sexually transmitted infections and inflammatory bowel disease. The incidence of infective proctitis is rising, particularly amongst high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men, those with HIV seropositive status, and those participating in high-risk sexual behaviours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatric T-lymphoblastic Leukemia With an Entirely Mature Immunophenotype: A Prompt and Challenging Diagnosis.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol
January 2025
Centers for Cancer and Blood Disorders and Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital.
Children with T-ALL/LBL require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of T-lineage and immaturity markers usually leads to a straightforward diagnosis. However, rare cases of T-ALL expressing bright CD45 and lacking expression of immature markers can be a diagnostic conundrum and difficult to differentiate from mature T-cell lymphomas lacking surface CD3 expression or aberrantly expressing immature markers, which affects treatment decisions and prognosis.
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