AI Article Synopsis
- Human amniotic fluid extracellular vesicles (HAF-EVs) from pregnant women show anti-inflammatory effects on T cells and monocytes, but their specific functions are not fully understood.
- * The study aimed to explore how HAF-EVs impact inflammasome activation in human monocytes, finding that these vesicles contain immunoregulatory molecules and small amounts of endotoxin, potentially linked to specific bacterial strains.
- * Results indicate that HAF-EVs can activate inflammasomes in THP-1 cells, but subsequent treatments can inhibit this activation, suggesting HAF-EVs may play a role in immune regulation during early pregnancy.
Article Abstract
In pregnancy, human amniotic fluid extracellular vesicles (HAF-EVs) exert anti-inflammatory effects on T cells and on monocytes, supporting their immunoregulatory roles. The specific mechanisms are still not completely defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of HAF-EVs, isolated from pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis and purified by gradient ultracentrifugation, to affect inflammasome activation in the human monocytes. Proteomic studies revealed that HAF-EV samples expressed several immunoregulatory molecules as well as small amounts of endotoxin. Surprisingly, metagenomic analysis shows the presence of specific bacterial strain variants associated with HAF-EVs as potential sources of the endotoxin. Remarkably, we showed that a single treatment of THP-1 cells with HAF-EVs triggered inflammasome activation, whereas the same treatment followed by LPS and ATP sensitization prevented inflammasome activation, a pathway resembling monocyte refractories. A bioinformatics analysis of microbiota-HAF-EVs functional pathways confirmed the presence of enzymes for endotoxin biosynthesis as well as others associated with immunoregulatory functions. Overall, these data suggest that HAF-EVs could serve as a source of the isolation of a specific microbiota during early pregnancy. Moreover, HAF-EVs could act as a novel system to balance immune training and tolerance by modulating the inflammasome in monocytes or other cells.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9916438 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032527 | DOI Listing |
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