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Sustained Cytotoxic Response of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Unvaccinated Individuals Admitted to the ICU Due to Critical COVID-19 Is Essential to Avoid a Fatal Outcome. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Blood samples from 23 patients were analyzed, revealing that those who did not survive had significantly reduced cytotoxicity in their PBMCs compared to those who survived, with no improvement noted during their hospital stay.
  • * Treatment with IL-15 boosted cytotoxicity in PBMCs from survivors, suggesting that therapies to reduce immune exhaustion might be vital for improving survival rates in serious COVID-19 cases.

Article Abstract

The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on the outcome of unvaccinated individuals with critical COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. Blood samples from 23 individuals were collected upon admission and then every 2 weeks for 13 weeks until death (Exitus group) ( = 13) or discharge (Survival group) ( = 10). We did not find significant differences between groups in sociodemographic, clinical, or biochemical data that may influence the fatal outcome. However, direct cellular cytotoxicity of PBMCs from individuals of the Exitus group against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells was significantly reduced upon admission (-2.69-fold; = 0.0234) and after 4 weeks at the ICU (-5.58-fold; = 0.0290), in comparison with individuals who survived, and it did not improve during hospitalization. In vitro treatment with IL-15 of these cells did not restore an effective cytotoxicity at any time point until the fatal outcome, and an increased expression of immune exhaustion markers was observed in NKT, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. However, IL-15 treatment of PBMCs from individuals of the Survival group significantly increased cytotoxicity at Week 4 (6.18-fold; = 0.0303). Consequently, immunomodulatory treatments that may overcome immune exhaustion and induce sustained, efficient cytotoxic activity could be essential for survival during hospitalization due to critical COVID-19.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9915056PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031947DOI Listing

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