Rare diseases affect less than 1 in 2000 people and are characterized by a serious, chronic, and progressive course. Among the described diseases, a mutation in a single gene caused mastocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Gaucher disease, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (, , , and genes, respectively). In Castleman disease, improper , , , , and genes cause the appearance of symptoms. In histiocytosis, several mutation variants are described: , , , , , , , , , and . Genes like , , , , , , , , , , , , and are possible reasons for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Among novel molecular medicines, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, interleukin 1 or 6 receptor antagonists, monoclonal antibodies, and JAK inhibitors are examples of drugs expanding therapeutic possibilities. An explanation of the molecular basis of rare diseases might lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease and may allow for the development of new molecularly targeted therapies.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12030449 | DOI Listing |
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