β-Lactamase Producing Encoding and Genes in Chicken Carcasses from Egypt.

with multidrug resistance and β-lactamase genes may constitute a great public health hazard due to the potential for their transmission to humans through the food chain. This study determined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, phylogroups, and β-lactamase genes of isolates from chicken carcasses marketed in Mansoura, Egypt. Interestingly, was detected in 98% (98/100) of the chicken carcasses examined, which seemed among the highest contamination rates by worldwide. From the 425 genetically verified gene-positive . , 85 isolates were further studied for antimicrobial resistance profiles, phylogroups, and β-lactamase genes. Interestingly, 89.41% of (76/85) strains tested against 24 different antibiotics were multidrug-resistant. Of the examined 85 isolates, 22 (25.88%) isolates harbored and were resistant to ampicillin, cefazoline, and ceftriaxone, while three of them were resistant to ceftazidime besides. Nine (10.59%) strains harbored AmpC- β-lactamase and were resistant to ampicillin. One isolate co-carried and genes, though it was negative for the gene. Of the 35 isolates that harbored either extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase genes, six strains (17.14%) were assigned to pathogenic phylogroup F and one to phylogroup E, whereas 28 (80%) isolates belonged to commensal phylogenetic groups.