AI Article Synopsis

  • Meta-analyses show that children born very preterm (VPT) have significantly lower IQs compared to those born at term, but there's variability in results across studies that isn't fully understood.
  • This umbrella review aimed to assess how differences in study design and methodology might explain this variability in IQ outcomes.
  • The analysis found that while study designs varied significantly, only the type of IQ test used prominently influenced the differences in results, with important details like follow-up rates often missing in many studies.

Article Abstract

Background: Meta-analyses of the voluminous scientific literature on the impact of very preterm (VPT, <32 weeks' gestation) birth on cognition find a marked deficit in intelligence quotient (IQ) among children born VPT relative to term-born peers, but with unexplained between-study heterogeneity in effect size.

Objectives: To conduct an umbrella review to describe the design and methodology of primary studies and to assess whether methodological heterogeneity affects the results of meta-analyses.

Data Sources: Primary studies from five systematic reviews with meta-analysis on VPT birth and childhood IQ.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Information on study design, sample characteristics and results was extracted from studies. Study features covered study type, sample size, follow-up rates, adjustment for social context, management of severe impairments and test type.

Synthesis: We used random-effects subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regressions to investigate the contribution of study features to between-study variance in standardised mean differences (SMD) in IQ between groups.

Results: In 58 cohorts (56%), children with severe impairments were excluded, while 23 (22%) cohorts accounted for social factors. The least reported feature was the follow-up rate (missing in 38 cohorts). The largest difference in SMDs was between studies using full scale IQ tests (61 cohorts, SMD -0.89, 95% CI -0.96, -0.82) versus short-form tests (27 cohorts, SMD -0.68, 95% CI -0.79, -0.57). The proportion of between-study variance explained by the type of test was 14%; the other features explained less than 1% of the variance.

Conclusions: Study design and methodology varied across studies, but most of them did not affect the variance in effect size, except the type of cognitive test. Key features, such as the follow-up rate, were not consistently reported limiting the evaluation of their potential contribution. Incomplete reporting limited the evaluation of the full impact of this methodological diversity.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12957DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

heterogeneity design
4
design features
4
features studies
4
studies included
4
included systematic
4
systematic reviews
4
reviews meta-analysis
4
meta-analysis cognitive
4
cognitive outcomes
4
outcomes children
4

Similar Publications

The threat posed by bacteria resistant to common antibiotics creates an urgent need for novel antimicrobials. Non-ribosomal peptide natural products that bind Lipid II, such as vancomycin, represent a promising source for such agents. The fungal defensin plectasin is one of a family of ribosomally produced miniproteins that exert antimicrobial activity via Lipid II binding.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Patterns of Social Connection Among Older Adults in England.

JAMA Netw Open

December 2024

Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Importance: Issues related to social connection are increasingly recognized as a global public health priority. However, there is a lack of a holistic understanding of social connection and its health impacts given that most empirical research focuses on a single or few individual concepts of social connection.

Objective: To explore patterns of social connection and their associations with health and well-being outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Foxing of Watercolor Paper and Environmental Control as Preventive Actions.

Chempluschem

December 2024

Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, SINGAPORE.

In Singapore's hot and humid climate, watercolor papers are particularly prone to a paper oxidation issue known as foxing, which refers to the discoloration forming yellowish-brown stains on paper, changing the visual outcome of the watercolor artworks. This research investigates two most popular types of watercolor paper, made from 100% cotton and cotton-wood-pulp mixture. Foxing was generally categorized into two types: biotic and abiotic foxing caused by fungi activities and the presence of metallic contaminants catalytic fungi growth.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol is a key chemical reaction to store energy in chemical bonds, using carbon dioxide as an energy sink. Indium oxide is amongst the most promising candidates for replacing the copper and zinc oxide catalyst, which is industrially applied for syngas mixtures but less idoneous for educts with carbon dioxide due to instability reasons. The polymorph of indium oxide and the operating conditions remain to be optimized for optimal and stable performance.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Whether the catalyst can realize the non-CO pathway is the key to greatly improve the catalytic activity and stability of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). It is feasible to optimize the reaction path selectivity by modifying organic ligands and constructing single-atom systems. At the same time, heterogeneous metal nanosheets with atomic thickness have been shown to significantly enhance the catalytic activity of materials due to their ultra-high exposure of active sites and synergistic effects.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: