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Aloperine Prevents Migration, Invasion, and Adhesion by Upregulating TIMP-4 in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. | LitMetric
Background : Aloperine (ALO) is an important active component of quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora flavescens A and Sophora alopecuroides L, and has effective anticancer activity against multiple cancers. However, the influence and mechanism of ALO on migration, invasion, and adhesion in bladder cancer cells remain unclear.Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the anticancer effect of ALO on migration, invasion, and adhesion in bladder cancer cells and to investigate its potential TIMP-4-related mechanism.Methods : Cell viability, cytotoxicity, wound healing, Transwell invasion, cell adhesion, real-time qPCR, western blot, and ELISA assays were performed to analyze the effect of ALO on migration, invasion, and adhesion in bladder cancer 5637 and UM-UC-3 cells. Furthermore, the anti-TIMP-4 antibody was used to explore the potential effect on ALO-inhibited bladder cancer cells.Results : We have found that ALO significantly suppressed migration, invasion, and adhesion in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, ALO could downregulate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs and proteins, and increase the expression of TIMP-4 mRNA and protein. Moreover, the anti- TIMP-4 antibody reversed the prevention of migration, invasion, and adhesion in ALO-treated bladder cancer cells.Conclusion : The data in this study suggest that ALO suppressed migration, invasion, and adhesion in bladder cancer cells by upregulating the expression of TIMP-4.
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