Meat from the butchered beasts would have fed hundreds.
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Rapid change in red cell blood group systems after the main Out of Africa of Homo sapiens.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France.
Despite the advances in paleogenomics, red cell blood group systems in ancient human populations remain scarcely known. Pioneer attempts showed that Neandertal and Denisova, two archaic hominid populations inhabiting Eurasia, expressed blood groups currently found in sub-Saharans and a rare "rhesus", part of which is found in Oceanians. Herein we fully pictured the blood group genetic diversity of 22 Homo sapiens and 14 Neandertals from Eurasia living between 120,000 and 20,000 years before present (yBP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCraniometric variation and the ancestry of modern humans.
Am J Biol Anthropol
December 2024
Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, New York, USA.
Objectives: Ancient and contemporary DNA provide information about geographic variation in the ancestry of present-day humans. All living populations have ancestry from early Homo sapiens originating in sub-Saharan Africa. Populations of Eurasian descent also have a small amount of Neandertal ancestry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong genetic and social isolation in Neanderthals before their extinction.
Cell Genom
September 2024
Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, University of Copenhagen, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Neanderthal genomes from various Eurasian sites reveal that late European Neanderthals likely formed a single, interconnected population with little internal structure.
- The discovery of "Thorin," a late Neanderthal from Grotte Mandrin in France, includes his unique dental fossils and provides insights into their culture around 50,000 to 42,000 years ago.
- Thorin's genome indicates he was genetically isolated for about 50,000 years from other late Neanderthals, suggesting distinct lineage differences that could help explain their eventual disappearance.
The Human Accelerated Region HAR202 Controls NPAS3 Expression in the Developing Forebrain Displaying Differential Enhancer Activity Between Modern and Archaic Human Sequences.
Mol Biol Evol
October 2024
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina.
It has been proposed that the phenotypic differences in cognitive abilities between humans and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees, are largely due to changes in the regulation of neurodevelopmental genes. We have previously found that the neurodevelopmental transcription factor gene NPAS3 accumulates the largest number of human accelerated regions (HARs), suggesting it may play some role in the phenotypic evolution of the human nervous system. In this work, we performed a comparative functional analysis of NPAS3-HAR202 using enhancer reporter assays in transgenic zebrafish and mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiverse bone-calcium isotope compositions in Neandertals suggest different dietary strategies.
J Hum Evol
August 2024
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministry of Culture, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France.
Zooarcheological and geochemical evidence suggests Neanderthals were top predators, but their adherence to a strictly carnivorous diet has been questioned. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of calcium-stable isotopes to evaluate trophic and ecological relationships. Here, we measure the δCa values in bone samples from Mousterian contexts at Grotte du Bison (Marine Isotope Stage 3, Yonne, France) and Regourdou (Marine Isotope Stage 5, Dordogne, France) in two new Neanderthal individuals, associated fauna, and living local plants.
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