Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Background And Aims: Elevated small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) has been reported to be associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Our aims were to determine whether direct and calculated sdLDL-C were significant independent ASCVD risk factors in sex and race subgroups.
Methods: In a total of 15,933 participants free of ASCVD at baseline (median age 62 years, 56.7% female, 19.7% African American) fasting plasma lipids and sdLDL-C were measured by standardized automated methods. All subjects were followed for 10 years for incident ASCVD, which developed in 9.7% of subjects. SdLDL-C values were also calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess for independent associations with incident ASCVD after adjustment for all standard risk factors.
Results: All standard risk factors were significantly associated with incident ASCVD on univariate analysis, as were direct and calculated sdLDL-C. These latter parameters were also significant when added to the pooled cohort risk equation. However, associations were significantly stronger for direct sdLDL-C and were not significant for calculated values once direct values were in the model. In contrast to calculated values, top quartile direct sdLDL-C was significantly independently associated with incident ASCVD versus bottom quartile values in all subjects and subgroups, except African Americans (hazard ratios ≥1.50, p < 0.01). Subjects with direct values ≥ 50 mg/dL versus <25 mg/dL had significantly higher independent ASCVD risk in all groups (hazard ratios >1.49, all p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Having a direct small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value ≥ 50 mg/dL is a significant independent ASCVD risk-enhancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.015 | DOI Listing |
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