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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0185 | DOI Listing |
Viral Immunol
March 2023
Division of Dermatology, Tsuruse Orthopedic Clinic, Saitama, Japan.
Vaccine
August 2002
Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Street 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
The mode of administering a DNA vaccine can influence the type of immune response induced by the vaccine. For instance, application of a DNA vaccine by gene gun typically induces a Th2-type reaction, whereas needle inoculation triggers a Th1 response. It has been proposed that the approximately 100-fold difference in the amount of DNA administered by these two methods is the critical factor determining whether a Th1 or a Th2 response is made.
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