Jasada bhasma (JB) is a zinc oxide-based Indian traditional Ayurveda-based herbo-metallic nanoparticle used for the treatment of zinc (Zn) deficiency and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. JB is made by following the Ayurveda-based guidelines using zinc oxide (ZnO) as a raw material and going through 17 cycles of the high-temperature incineration and trituration process known as "Ma̅raṇa" in the presence of herbal decoctions prepared from the leaves of and gel. These cycles improve the purity of the parent material and transform its physicochemical properties, converting it into nanoparticles. However, there still exists a knowledge gap regarding the role of incineration in the physicochemical transformation of the Zn raw material into JB nanoparticles and the biological interaction of the final product. In the present study, the JB samples obtained during different Ma̅raṇa cycles were carefully studied for their physicochemical transformation using analytical methods such as powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the XRD results, the Zn and oxygen molecules in hexagonal ZnO wurtzite crystals gradually realigned as a result of repeated heat treatments that caused lattice tension and crystal size reduction from 53.14 to 42.40 nm. A morphological transition from 1.5 μm rod shape to 31 nm in the JB particles can be seen using FESEM and SAXS analyses. The existence of 10 nm-sized nanoparticles in the finished product was confirmed by HRTEM. The presence of ZnO was confirmed in all samples by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Cell viability analysis showed an inhibitory concentration 50% of >1000 μg/mL for JB nanoparticles, revealing no adverse effects in human colon Caco-2 cells. A dose-dependent uptake and intracellular accumulation of JB nanoparticles were observed in Caco-2 cells using inductively coupled plasma-based mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Bioavailability of Zn ions (6% w/w) through JB dissolution in acidic pH 4.0 was observed, representing the stomach and intracellular lysosomal physiological conditions. Therefore, the study showed that the repeated incineration cycles produced biocompatible JB nanoparticles through the physicochemical transformation at molecular levels capable of delivering bioavailable Zn ions under physiological conditions. In conclusion, the medicinal properties of JB nanoparticles described in Ayurveda were found to originate from their small size and dissolution properties, formed through the classical incineration-based synthesis process.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05391 | DOI Listing |
J Prosthet Dent
December 2024
Assistant Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics,School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address:
Statement Of Problem: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been used in clinical dentistry because of its excellent physical and biological properties. However, achieving an effective and durable bond with enamel is challenging because of its chemical inertness and low surface energy, and data on the effects of different surface treatments on the durability of PEEK-enamel bonds are scarce.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate airborne-particle abrasion, sulfuric acid etching, and the combined use of these treatments on the bonding durability of PEEK-enamel bonds and to gain a deeper understanding of their bonding mechanism.
J Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China. Electronic address:
Metal oxide photocatalysts loaded with metal species are extremely important in photocatalysis. The physicochemical states of metal species, as well as the interaction between metal species and support, determine the transfer of charge carriers between the heterointerface, which has a significant impact on photocatalytic activity. Here, we prepared anatase TiO nanosheets (TIO) modified with different Ag species, including single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles, using a ligand-mediated method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAAPS PharmSciTech
December 2024
Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China.
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) possesses various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral properties. However, its clinical application is limited by poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. Polymers play a crucial role in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly as matrices in excipients to enhance the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
This study presents an innovative, eco-friendly approach to water treatment through the development of cryogels infused with bioactive Scenedesmus algal extract (ScAE) within a chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Cs/PVA) matrix. Scenedesmus sp., a green microalga known for its bioactive properties, was cultivated and processed to obtain extracts with coagulation potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent at fighting many different infections. This demonstrates how important it is to make new AMPs that are even better at eliminating infections. The fundamental transformation in a variety of scientific disciplines, which led to the emergence of machine learning techniques, has presented significant opportunities for the development of antimicrobial peptides.
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