AI Article Synopsis
- Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals generally lead to milder disease compared to unvaccinated people, highlighting the benefits of vaccination during the pandemic.
- In a study involving AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccinees, results showed they experienced lower incidence, shorter duration of symptoms, and reduced viral loads compared to placebo recipients.
- Vaccinated individuals exhibited strong immune responses, including increased antibody production and T-cell responses, which were linked to better control of the virus and reduced transmission potential.
Article Abstract
Background: Breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinees typically produces milder disease than infection in unvaccinated individuals.
Methods: To explore disease attenuation, we examined COVID-19 symptom burden and immuno-virologic responses to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in participants (AZD1222: n=177/17,617; placebo: n=203/8,528) from a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of two-dose primary series AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination (NCT04516746).
Results: We observed that AZD1222 vaccinees had an overall lower incidence and shorter duration of COVID-19 symptoms compared with placebo recipients, as well as lower SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and a shorter median duration of viral shedding in saliva. Vaccinees demonstrated a robust antibody recall response versus placebo recipients with low-to-moderate inverse correlations with virologic endpoints. Vaccinees also demonstrated an enriched polyfunctional spike-specific Th-1-biased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response that was associated with strong inverse correlations with virologic endpoints.
Conclusion: Robust immune responses following AZD1222 vaccination attenuate COVID-19 disease severity and restrict SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential by reducing viral loads and the duration of viral shedding in saliva. Collectively, these analyses underscore the essential role of vaccination in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9881590 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062067 | DOI Listing |
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