bioRxiv
Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Published: May 2023
Comparing expectation with experience is an important neural computation performed throughout the brain and is a hallmark of predictive processing. Experiments that alter the sensory outcome of an animal's behavior reveal enhanced neural responses to unexpected self-generated stimuli, indicating that populations of neurons in sensory cortex may reflect prediction errors - mismatches between expectation and experience. However, enhanced neural responses to self-generated stimuli could also arise through non-predictive mechanisms, such as the movement-based facilitation of a neuron's inherent sound responses. If sensory prediction error neurons exist in sensory cortex, it is unknown whether they manifest as general error responses, or respond with specificity to errors in distinct stimulus dimensions. To answer these questions, we trained mice to expect the outcome of a simple sound-generating behavior and recorded auditory cortex activity as mice heard either the expected sound or sounds that deviated from expectation in one of multiple distinct dimensions. Our data reveal that the auditory cortex learns to suppress responses to self-generated sounds along multiple acoustic dimensions simultaneously. We identify a distinct population of auditory cortex neurons that are not responsive to passive sounds or to the expected sound but that explicitly encode prediction errors. These prediction error neurons are abundant only in animals with a learned motor-sensory expectation, and encode one or two specific violations rather than a generic error signal.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.06.523032 | DOI Listing |
J Prev Alzheimers Dis
February 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
Background: Recent disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease show promise to slow cognitive decline, but show no efficacy towards reducing symptoms already manifested.
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of a novel noninvasive brain stimulation technique in modulating cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's dementia (AD).
Design: Pilot, randomized, double-blind, parallel, sham-controlled study SETTING: Clinical research site at UT Southwestern Medical Center PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five participants with clinical diagnoses of AD were enrolled from cognition specialty clinics.
Prog Neurobiol
January 2025
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
The brain faces the challenging task of preserving a consistent portrayal of the external world in the face of disruptive sensory inputs. What alterations occur in sensory representation amidst noise, and how does brain activity adapt to it? Although it has previously been shown that background white noise (WN) decreases responses to salient sounds, a mechanistic understanding of the brain processes responsible for such changes is lacking. We investigated the effect of background WN on neuronal spiking activity, membrane potential, and network oscillations in the mouse central auditory system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHear Res
December 2024
Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Research Group Comparative Neuroscience, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Adaptation is the attenuation of a neuronal response when a stimulus is repeatedly presented. The phenomenon has been linked to sensory memory, but its exact neuronal mechanisms are under debate. One defining feature of adaptation is its lifetime, that is, the timespan over which the attenuating effect of previous stimulation persists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
December 2024
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Phantom perceptions like tinnitus occur without any identifiable environmental or bodily source. The mechanisms and key drivers behind tinnitus are poorly understood. The dominant framework, suggesting that tinnitus results from neural hyperactivity in the auditory pathway following hearing damage, has been difficult to investigate in humans and has reached explanatory limits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Brain
January 2025
Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
Cognitive processes such as action planning and decision-making require the integration of multiple sensory modalities in response to temporal cues, yet the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Sleep has a crucial role for memory consolidation and promoting cognitive flexibility. Our aim is to identify the role of sleep in integrating different modalities to enhance cognitive flexibility and temporal task execution while identifying the specific brain regions that mediate this process.
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