Anti-inflammatory activities of (formerly ) extracts on human macrophages and chemical characterization.

Formerly named , (Benth.) A.J.Paton, 2019 is a Lamiaceae traditionally used to treat flu-like symptoms and shock-related ecchymosis, especially in the Pacific region. Few studies investigated chemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of this plant. Herein, we investigated anti-inflammatory potential of ethanolic (ePE) and cyclohexane (cPE) plant extract on LPS-induced human macrophages models and quantified cytokines and quinolinic acid (QUIN) as inflammatory markers. Our results show that extract of ePE and cPE significantly inhibit inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α induced by LPS on PMA-derived THP-1 macrophages. QUIN production is also diminished under ePE and cPE treatment in activated human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Seven abietane diterpenes were characterized from cPE including coleon U (), coleon U-quinone (), 8α,9α-epoxycoleon U-quinone (), horminone or 7α-hydroxyroyleanone (), 6β,7α-dihydroxyroyleanone (), 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone () and 7α-formyloxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (). We discussed potential contributions of these molecules from extracts for their anti-inflammatory activities.