Geographical analysis of seroprevalence of spp., spp and , in clinics and dog shelters in different Mexican states.

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and geographical distribution of spp., spp., and in dogs in Mexico, including owned dogs from veterinary clinics with regular medical care and shelter dogs. The Mexican territory was divided into eight geographical regions; 22 out of 32 states were included; 110 veterinary clinics and 53 dog shelters participated. SNAP® 4Dx Plus® (IDEXX® Laboratories) was used to detect antibodies against spp., spp., and antigens. A total of 3522 apparently healthy dogs were tested, 1648 from clinics and 1874 from shelters. The highest seroprevalence of infection/exposure was found for spp (30.9%), followed by spp. (14.6%), (5.3%) and (0.1%). Significantly more positive dogs were older than 3 years. Regarding differences between facility types, there were only differences for which was more prevalent in clinics than in shelters (OR ​= ​1.97; 95% CI: 1.45-2.69;  ​< ​0.0001). Co-infections were detected in 38.4% of the positive samples Dogs from Mexican states located on the Atlantic and the Pacific coast were significantly more at risk for spp. and spp. infections than dogs from interior states. Dogs in Atlantic coastal states were more at risk for infection.