AI Article Synopsis
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants are affected by prior infections and vaccinations, which can influence the effectiveness of booster shots.
- Higher viral loads and longer intervals between vaccination and infection lead to better neutralizing activity against variants like Omicron BA.4/5.
- Optimizing the timing of booster doses and designing targeted antigens are crucial for developing vaccines that can effectively combat diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article Abstract
The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9837220 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.105969 | DOI Listing |
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