In this study, sulfated tin (IV) oxide solid acid catalyst was prepared for the epoxidation of oil (AMO) with peroxyacetic acid formed in-situ. The catalyst was synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method and characterized. The effects of various epoxidation parameters on ethylenic double bond conversion (%) and oxygen ring content were analyzed. The maximum ethylenic double bond conversion of 95.5% and epoxy oxygen content of 6.25 was found at the molar ratio of AMO to 30% of HO = 1:2.5, molar ratio of AMO to acetic acid = 1:1.5, catalyst concentration = 12.5%, and reaction temperature = 70 °C at reaction time = 6 h. The kinetic and thermodynamic features of the epoxidation of AMO were also analyzed with appropriate models. The results of the kinetic study of the epoxidation reaction followed pseudo first order with the activation energy = 0.47.03 kJ/mol. Moreover, the thermodynamic constants of epoxidation of AMO were found as ΔH = 44.18 kJ/mol, ΔS = -137.91 Jmolk) and ΔG = 91.12 kJ/mol. The epoxidized product of AMO was further analyzed using FTIR, H NMR, and C NMR. The results of these analyses confirmed the successful conversion of the ethylenic double bond in the AMO to EAMO.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12817 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Polymer Science and Engineering Division, INDIA.
Synthesis of value-added products from post-consumer waste polyolefins is fascinating as well as challenging. Here we report ruthenium-catalyzed up-cycling of the polyethylene to long-chain alkene derivatives. The developed methodology mainly involves two steps i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Sci
January 2025
Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France. Electronic address:
Current bacterial infections clinical treatments, such as intravenous antibiotic administration and local injection, suffer from short action duration, repeated administrations, and severe cell toxicity. To address these limitations, it is imperative to develop sustained drug release system with prolonged antimicrobial effects. In this work, a hybrid system was prepared using EDC/NHS catalyzed crosslinking-based carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel as a carrier to encapsulate biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with vancomycin, an efficient antibacterial drug.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemphyschem
January 2025
University of Namur, Department of Chemistry, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000, Namur, BELGIUM.
The [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between 2,5-DMF (1) and ethylene derivatives (2a-h) activated by electron-withdrawing groups has been studied at the density functional theory levels using a panoply of tools to unravel the reaction mechanisms. From the analysis of the reactivity indices, 2a-h behave as electrophiles while 1 as nucleophile, and the activation of the double bond of ethylene increases its electrophilicity, which is accompanied by an enhancement of the polarity of the reaction. The activation Gibbs free energy decreases linearly as a function of this increase of polarity, as estimated by the electrophilicity difference between the reactants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
January 2025
Polymer Processing Division, Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland.
Packaging materials mainly serve the function of protecting products. The most common representative of this group is poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which is not biodegradable and therefore, its waste might be burdensome to the environment. Thus, this work aims to develop outlines for obtaining polyester-based systems, preferably biobased ones, intended for the packaging industry and their detailed characterization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
We present a strategy for enhancing Li conduction in block copolymer electrolytes by introducing trace amounts of Li salts into polystyrene--poly(ethylene oxide) (PS--PEO), wherein Li ions preferentially coordinate with the -OH end groups of the PEO chains, resulting in the formation of double primitive cubic (3̅) structures. Compared with TFSI anions in Li salts, smaller anions (PF and BF) could facilitate ion localization more effectively, expanding the salt concentration range for developing stable 3̅ structures. The 3̅ structures formed in PS--PEOs doped with LiBF at = 0.
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