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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1117265 | DOI Listing |
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"Actor-critic" dichotomous hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Neuroimage Clin
December 2024
Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address:
Dysfunctional response inhibition, mediated by the striatum and its connections, is thought to underly the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the exact neural mechanisms remain controversial. In this study, we undertook a novel approach by positing that a) inhibition is a dynamic construct inherently susceptible to numerous failures, which require error-processing, and b) the actor-critic framework of reinforcement learning can integrate neural patterns of inhibition and error-processing in OCD with their behavioural correlates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute kidney injury following CAR-T cell therapy: a nephrologist's perspective.
Clin Kidney J
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, an emerging personalized immunotherapy for various haematologic malignancies, autoimmune diseases and other conditions, involves the modification of patients' T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes tumour or autoimmune cell antigens, allowing CAR-T cells to destroy cancerous and other target cells selectively. Despite remarkable clinical improvements in patients, multiple adverse effects have been associated with CAR-T cell therapy. Among the most recognized adverse effects are cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome and tumour lysis syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeptoplasty-mediated improvements in nasal patency and pulmonary function: A prospective study.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
February 2025
Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António Porto Portugal.
Background And Objective: Septoplasty and turbinate reduction surgery (STR) is hypothesized to affect pulmonary function by modifying airway dynamics. This study investigates the impact of STR-mediated improvements in nasal patency on pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
Methods: In a prospective analysis, 37 adult patients undergoing STR were enrolled.
Are Animal Models Necessary? Exploring (Dis)advantages and Alternatives.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Pharmacology and Neurobiology Laboratory of the Immunophysiology and Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Animal models are essential for scientific research, helping to uncover the mechanisms behind many human conditions.
- The ethical implications of using animals in experiments remain a significant debate among scientists and the public.
- The essay discusses both the pros and cons of animal testing while exploring emerging alternatives in modern science.
Periodic paralysis across the life course: age-related phenotype transition and sarcopenia overlap.
Front Neurol
December 2024
NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
In Periodic Paralysis (PP), a rare inherited condition caused by mutation in skeletal muscle ion channels, the phenotype changes with age, transitioning from the episodic attacks of weakness that give the condition its name, to a more degenerative phenotype of permanent progressive weakness and myopathy. This leads to disability and reduced quality of life. Neither the cause of this phenotype transition, nor why it occurs around the age of 40 is known.
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