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Organic solvent free PbI recycling from perovskite solar cells using hot water. | LitMetric

Organic solvent free PbI recycling from perovskite solar cells using hot water.

J Hazard Mater

Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Published: April 2023

Perovskite solar cells represent an emerging and highly promising renewable energy technology. However, the most efficient perovskite solar cells critically depend on the use of lead. This represents a possible environmental concern potentially limiting the technologies' commercialization. Here, we demonstrate a facile recycling process for PbI, the most common lead-based precursor in perovskite absorber material. The process uses only hot water to effectively extract lead from synthetic precursor mixes, plastic- and glass-based perovskites (92.6 - 100% efficiency after two extractions). When the hot extractant is cooled, crystalline PbI in high purity (> 95.9%) precipitated with a high yield: from glass-based perovskites, the first cycle of extraction / precipitation was sufficient to recover 94.4 ± 5.6% of Pb, whereas a second cycle yielded another 10.0 ± 5.2% Pb, making the recovery quantitative. The solid extraction residue remaining is consequently deprived of metals and may thus be disposed as non-hazardous waste. Therefore, exploiting the highly temperature-dependent solubility of PbI in water provides a straightforward, easy to implement way to efficiently extract lead from PSC at the end-of-life and deposit the extraction residues in a cost-effective manner, mitigating the potential risk of lead leaching at the perovskites' end-of-life.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130829DOI Listing

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