A review of nonlocal theories utilized in the fatigue and fracture modeling of solid structures is addressed in this paper. Numerous papers have been studied for this purpose, and various nonlocal theories such as the nonlocal continuum damage model, stress field intensity model, peridynamics model, elastic-plastic models, energy-based model, nonlocal multiscale model, microstructural sensitive model, nonlocal lattice particle model, nonlocal high cycle fatigue model, low cycle fatigue model, nonlocal and gradient fracture criteria, nonlocal coupled damage plasticity model and nonlocal fracture criterion have been reviewed and summarized in the case of fatigue and fracture of solid structures and materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020831 | DOI Listing |
PNAS Nexus
January 2025
Southern Research Station, US Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Wildfires are growing in destructive power, and accurately predicting the spread and intensity of wildland fire is essential for managing ecological and societal impacts. No current operational models used for fire behavior prediction resolve critical fire-atmospheric coupling or nonlocal influences of the fire environment, rendering them inadequate in accounting for the range of wildland fire behavior scenarios under increasingly novel fuel and climate conditions. Here, we present a new perspective on a dominant fire-atmospheric feedback mechanism, which we term wildland fire entrainment (WFE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuant Imaging Med Surg
January 2025
School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia.
Background: The limitation in spatial resolution of bone scintigraphy, combined with the vast variations in size, location, and intensity of bone metastasis (BM) lesions, poses challenges for accurate diagnosis by human experts. Deep learning-based analysis has emerged as a preferred approach for automating the identification and delineation of BM lesions. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based approach to automatically segment bone scintigrams for improving diagnostic accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuant Imaging Med Surg
January 2025
Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China.
Background: Photon-counting computed tomography (CT) is an advanced imaging technique that enables multi-energy imaging from a single scan. However, the limited photon count assigned to narrow energy bins leads to increased quantum noise in the reconstructed spectral images. To address this issue, leveraging the prior information in the spectral images is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Dis Model
June 2025
Department of Mathematical Sciences, P.O. Box 15551, UAE Emirates Center for Mobility Research, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
This research investigates a novel approach to modeling an SIR epidemic in a heterogeneous environment by imposing certain restrictions on population mobility. Our study reveals the influence of partially restricting the mobility of the infected population, who are allowed to diffuse locally and can be modeled using random dispersion. In contrast, the non-infective population, which includes susceptible and recovered individuals, has more freedom in their movements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
January 2025
Complex Systems Group, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
We propose a universal method based on deep reinforcement learning (specifically, soft actor-critic) to control the chimera state in the coupled oscillators. The policy for control is learned by maximizing the expectation of the cumulative reward in the reinforcement learning framework. With the aid of the local order parameter, we design a class of reward functions for controlling the chimera state, specifically confining the spatial position of coherent and incoherent domains to any desired lateral position of oscillators.
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