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An Approach to Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Hypopituitarism: Overcoming the Pediatric Challenges. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hypopituitarism is a rare but significant condition that affects children and teenagers, with limited data available on its impact and outcomes.
  • A review of recent literature revealed that hormonal deficiencies can vary widely among pediatric patients, with growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiencies being the most common findings.
  • The findings suggest that timely recognition and a multidisciplinary treatment approach are crucial for managing this complex condition, as symptoms can persist or emerge long after the initial injury.

Article Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hypopituitarism is a rare polymorphic complication of brain injury, with very little data, particularly concerning children and teenagers. This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding this pathology, starting from a new pediatric case. The research was conducted on PubMed and included publications from the last 22 years. We identified nine original studies on the pediatric population (two case reports and seven studies; only four of these seven were prospective studies). TBI-related hypopituitarism is associated with isolated hormonal deficits ranging from 22.5% to 86% and multiple hormonal deficiencies from 5.9% to 50% in the studied pediatric population. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is most often found, including the form with late occurrence after TBI; it was described as persistent in half of the studies. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency is identified as a distant complication following TBI; in all three studies, we identified this complication was found to be permanent. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency did not relate to a certain type of brain trauma, and it was transient in reported cases. Hyperprolactinemia was the most frequent hormonal finding, also occurring late after injury. Central diabetes insipidus was encountered early post-TBI, typically with a transient pattern and did not relate to a particular type of injury. TBI-related hypopituitarism, although rare in children, should be taken into consideration even after a long time since the trauma. A multidisciplinary approach is needed if the patient is to safely overcome any acute condition.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857786PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020212DOI Listing

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