Mutations along human chromosomes: How randomly scattered are they?

The diversity of mutations in human chromosomes is nowadays very well documented. The mutations characterize populations in the world as well as genetic causes of diseases. In the approach that we follow, we study the patterns of gaps between mutations by means of the rescaled range analysis and the fractal dimension estimates. The results for chromosomes 1 to 22 and X indicate the existence of the so-called Hurst phenomenon in all of them. The interpretation of this outcome entails the presence of long-range correlations and we propose an explanation based on the genomic feature dubbed linkage disequilibrium, a nonrandom association of alleles at different loci. An unexpected outcome is the noteworthy uniform reduction in the Hurst phenomenon when considering the centimorgan metric instead of base position units. By contrast, such uniform reduction is not observed with the fractal dimension values.