Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a diverse collection of lipid bilayer-membrane-bound particles which are released from cells into the extracellular space and biologic fluids. In multicellular organisms, these vesicles facilitate the exchange of bioactive compounds such as RNA, DNA, proteins, various metabolites, and lipids between the cells. EVs are produced and released by almost all eukaryotic cells including immune cells and can have immunomodulating effects by either stimulation or suppression of their activities. This immune-modulating feature may provide a promising strategy for treating immune-mediated diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders and graft-versus-host disease. Moreover, immune cell-derived EVs have received attention as potential biomarkers for being used as diagnostic tools and preventive strategies such as for developing vaccines. In this review, we focus on the EVs produced by different immune cell types, their effects on the immune system, and highlight their potential applications for immunotherapy.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2023.109237 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Identifying plasma exosome antigens as a potential diagnostic biomarker for tuberculosis disease.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Tuberculosis Diseases, The Sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, GuangDong, China.
Background: Exosome is a small extracellular vesicle with a diameter of 30 to 150 nm that is secreted by cells. Mtb and other bacteria can also secrete extracellular vesicles, which carry characteristics and information about the pathogen. Here, we compare the concentration of exosomes and the Mtb antigen in exosomes of tuberculosis patients aiming to evaluate whether exosomes can be used as diagnostic markers of tuberculosis at different stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpdates on neonatal cell and novel therapeutics: Proceedings of the Second Neonatal Cell Therapies Symposium (2024).
Pediatr Res
January 2025
Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Cell therapies as treatments for neonatal conditions have attracted significant research and parent interest over the last two decades. Mesenchymal stromal cells, umbilical cord blood cells and neural stem cells translate from lab, to preclinical and into clinical trials, with contributions being made from all over the world. Effective and timely translation involves frequent reflection and consultation from research-adjacent fields (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncorporation of recombinant proteins into extracellular vesicles by Lactococcus cremoris.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer particles released by various cellular organisms that carry an array of bioactive molecules. EVs have diagnostic potential, as they play a role in intercellular interspecies communication, and could be applied in drug delivery. In contrast to mammalian cell-derived EVs, the study of EVs from bacteria, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, received less research attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecycling of endocytic BDNF through extracellular vesicles in astrocytes.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in regulating diverse neuronal functions in an activity-dependent manner. Although BDNF is synthesized primarily in neurons, astrocytes can also supply BDNF through various routes, including the recycling of neuron-derived BDNF. Despite accumulating evidence for astrocytic BDNF uptake and resecretion of neuronal BDNF, the detailed mechanisms underlying astrocytic BDNF recycling remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman neural rosettes secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles enriched in neuronal and glial cellular components.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo R. Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Naciones Unidas 420, Barrio Parque Vélez Sarsfield, X5016KEJ, Córdoba, Argentina.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in the development of neural cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Human neural rosettes (hNRs) are radial cell structures that assemble from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and recapitulate some stages of neural tube morphogenesis. Here we show that hiPSCs and hNRs secrete EVs (hiPSC-EVs and hNR-EVs) with distinctive protein cargoes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!